Which condition is characterized by slow onset forgetting of recent events and an inability to process new information?

Dementia is characterized by a slow and progressive decline in cognitive function, particularly affecting memory, reasoning, and the ability to process new information. Individuals with dementia often experience gradual forgetting of recent events, making it difficult for them to remember recent conversations or activities. This cognitive decline impacts their daily functioning, as they struggle to retain new information and may become disoriented regarding time and place.

The nature of dementia involves various types, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common form. Early symptoms might include difficulty finding words or recalling names and faces, which can exacerbate as the condition progresses. This gradual memory impairment distinguishes dementia from other conditions listed.

In contrast, while major depressive disorder can affect cognitive functions by causing concentration issues and difficulties in decision-making, it does not typically present with the clear-cut memory loss associated with dementia. Panic disorder with agoraphobia primarily involves anxiety issues and avoidance behaviors rather than memory impairment. Paranoid schizophrenia features delusions and hallucinations, which can disturb thought processes, but again does not align with the specific memory loss characteristic of dementia.